Excessive bowel enlargement from bowel blockage caused by scar tissue or a tumor.Twisting of the bowel (volvulus) or trapping of intestinal contents within a hernia.A blood clot or severe atherosclerosis in an artery supplying the colon.Dangerously low blood pressure (hypotension) related to dehydration, heart failure, major surgery, trauma or shock.The cause of reduced blood flow to the colon isn't always clear, but a number of conditions can put you at risk of colon ischemia: This type of intestinal ischemia, which is the most common, occurs when blood flow to part of the colon is slowed or blocked. Types of ischemia that affect the small intestine include acute mesenteric ischemia, chronic mesenteric ischemia and ischemia due to mesenteric venous thrombosis. Colon ischemia (ischemic colitis) affects the large intestine. Intestinal ischemia is often divided into categories. Low blood pressure leading to an overall reduced blood flow.Narrowing of an artery due to buildup of fatty deposits, such as cholesterol (atherosclerosis).Blockage in an artery caused by a blood clot.Intestinal ischemia occurs when the blood flow through the major blood vessels that supply blood to (arteries) and from (veins) your intestines slows or stops. If you have other signs or symptoms that worry you, make an appointment with your health care provider. Pain that makes you so uncomfortable that you can't sit still or find a comfortable position is a medical emergency. Seek immediate medical care if you have sudden, severe abdominal pain. Fear of eating because of pain that happens after eating.Abdominal pain that gets gradually worse over weeks or months.Abdominal cramps or fullness, usually within 30 minutes after eating, and lasting 1 to 3 hours.Signs and symptoms of chronic intestinal ischemia can include: Symptoms of gradually developing (chronic) intestinal ischemia Abdominal tenderness or bloating (distention).An urgent need to have a bowel movement.Sudden belly (abdominal) pain that may be mild, moderate or severe.Signs and symptoms of acute intestinal ischemia typically include: Symptoms of sudden (acute) intestinal ischemia Signs and symptoms may be different from one person to the next, but there are some generally recognized patterns that suggest intestinal ischemia. Signs and symptoms of intestinal ischemia can develop suddenly (acute) or gradually (chronic).
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